Which of the following is included in the essential elements of procurement?

The essential elements of procurement encompass a variety of components crucial for ensuring that purchasing processes are efficient, effective, and aligned with organizational goals. Quality assurance and safeguards are fundamentally important because they ensure that the goods and services procured meet the specified standards and requirements. This involves setting quality benchmarks, implementing checks within the procurement process, and ensuring compliance with regulatory and organizational standards.

Incorporating quality assurance into procurement practices helps minimize risks related to purchasing defective or substandard products, which can lead to increased costs and project delays. Safeguards can also include processes for monitoring supplier performance and evaluating their adherence to contractual obligations, further promoting accountability and reliability in the procurement process.

Other options listed, such as personal relationships and informal agreements, do not represent formal elements of procurement. These can lead to inconsistencies and lack of transparency. Contract extensions and service agreements, while relevant, fall under specific procurement actions rather than essential overarching elements. Thus, quality assurance and safeguards are critical components that ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the procurement process.